Jordan Journal of Educational Sciences

Meta-analysis of Studies Comparing the Likelihood Ratio and the Mantel-Haenszel Methods to Detect Differential Item Functioning

Kuther Abd Al-Qader Bsharat — 2024-09-30

Abstract: This study aimed at reviewing the studies that compared the Likelihood Ratio (LR) and Mantel-Haenszel (MH) methods for detecting differential item functioning (DIF), which were approved in the period from 1980 to 2021. (30) studies fulfilled the conditions and criteria to be in the study sample. The information and data from those studies were collected and analyzed by using a special program (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis: CMA) for meta-analysis. The results indicated the superiority of the LR method in controlling the type I error rate, with a mean effect size of (0.044) according to the fixed effect model, and (0.03) according to the random effect model. The LR method was superior in the power of the statistical test, with a mean effect size of( -0.068) according to the fixed effect model and
(-0.111) according to the random effect model. With regard to the percentage of DIF items, the MH method was superior, with a mean effect size of (0.116) according to the fixed effect model, and (0.013) according to the random effect model.

(Keywords: Meta-analysis, Likelihood Ratio Method, Mantel-Haenszel Method, Differential Item Functioning)

The Degree of Importance of the Criteria for the Selection of School Principals from the Point of view of Educational leaders

Mohammad Saleh Bani Hani — 2025-01-07

Abstract: The study aimed to identify the criteria that must be met when selecting school principals as well as the degree of importance of these criteria from the point of view of educational leaders in Irbid Governorate in Jordan. The study sample consisted of 130 educational leaders working in schools in the Irbid Governorate. A questionnaire was employed to achieve the study objectives. The results showed that the criteria that school principals must have are: characteristics and personal traits; basic and pedagogical skills; work experience; and educational qualifications. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences in the responses of the study’s sample with regard to the importance of the criteria to be met when selecting school principals in light of gender and experience variables.

(Keywords: Selection Standards, School Principals, Education Administration, Degree of Importance)

A Causal Model of the Relationship Between Mindset (Growth, Fixed), Proactive Personality and Teaching Self-Efficacy and Work Engagement among Teachers

Ebraheim Abd al-Majeed Al-Thalabi — 2025-01-07

Abstract: The current study aims to reveal a causal model for the relationship between growth mindsets (fixed or developing) and proactive personality, teaching self-efficacy, and work integration. The sample comprised 750 male and female teachers from the Koura District in Irbid, with 300 males and 450 females. The study used the mentalities scale developed by Park (Park, 2021) upon adapting it to the Arab environment. The study, also, used the proactive personality scale (Trifiletti et al., 2009) after being translated and adapted to the Jordanian environment. Further, the study used the teaching self-efficacy scale developed by Baqi (2016) after being translated and adapted to the Jordanian environment. Additionally, the work integration scale (Schaufeli et al., 2006) was translated and adapted to the Jordanian environment. Additionally, the work integration scale (Schaufeli et al., 2006) was translated and adapted to the Jordanian environment. The results indicated that the developing mentality has a direct, positive impact on "effectiveness in classroom management" and "effectiveness in educational and learning strategies". It also showed that the fixed mentality has a direct, negative effect in the fields of "Efficacy in Teaching and Learning Strategies" and "Efficacy in Managing the Classroom Situation" There is also a direct positive effect of the proactive personality in the four areas of teaching self-efficacy individually. There is also a positive correlation with effectiveness in waqf management. Classroom and effectiveness in educational and learning strategies through work integration.

(Keywords: Causal Model, Growth Mindsets, Proactive Personality, Self-Efficacy, Work Engagement)

Modeling Causal Relationships Between Perfectionism, Goal Orientations, Unconditional Self-Acceptance and Academic Burnout

Aysar Muneer Abu-Taleb — 2025-01-07

Abstract: This study aimed to reveal the causal relationships
between perfectionism, goal orientations, unconditional selfacceptance, and academic burnout through a proposed causal
modeling based on cognitive foundations that adopted the path
analysis method to explain academic burnout. The study
sample consisted of (620) male and female students at AlBalqa Applied University. To achieve the objectives of the
study, a set of tools was used: the academic burnout scale, the
perfectionism scale, the goal orientation scale, and the
unconditional self-acceptance scale. The results showed that
there were direct, positive relationships between the six
dimensions of perfectionism and academic burnout as a whole,
except for the relationship after worrying about mistakes and
academic burnout as a whole, which had a negative effect.
Other indirect relationships were also shown between the six
dimensions of perfectionism, the dimensions of goal
orientations, unconditional self-acceptance, and academic
burnout.

Confirmation Bias and its Relationship to the Big Five Factors of Personality among University Students

Emad Khalid Al-Omry — 2025-01-07

Abstract: This study aimed to reveal the relationship between
confirmation bias and the Big Five personality factors and
reveal the differences in the responses of the study sample on
the two scales according to gender and specialization. To
achieve the objectives, a sample of 786 students at Yarmouk
University was selected, and they responded to John &
Srivastava Big Five Personality Factors Scale, and the Rassin
Confirmation Bias Scale. The results showed that there was a
statistically significant effect for gender and specialization on
the big five factors of personality, and the results did not show
statistically significant differences on the confirmation bias
scale due to gender, specialization, or the interaction between
them. The results also showed that there was a statistically
significant positive relationship between confirmation bias and
the conscientiousness and neuroticism, and a statistically
significant negative relationship between confirmation bias
and the extraversion, agreeableness and openness to
experience.
(Keywords: Confirmation Bias, Big Five Factors of
Personality, University Students)

Constructing a Tool to Evaluate Distance Teaching Practices of Teachers in Jordan According to the Graded Response Model

Aamer Mahmoud Al-Suboh — 2025-01-07

Abstract: This study aimed to construct a tool to evaluate distance teaching practices among teachers in Jordan according to the Graded Response model. The study was conducted based on a tool that was built in its initial form and consisted of 4 main criteria: 21 competencies and 60 items with four alternatives representing graded distance teaching practices in the level of proficiency and effectiveness. The tool was applied to a sample of 603 teachers who teach stages from the basic fourth grade to high school from different aspects. The results showed that 54 items and 462 individuals conformed to the assumptions of the Graded Response model. The tool in its final form had 54 items with appropriate psychometric characteristics. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient for the standards ranged between 0.60 and 0.81 and for the instrument as a whole, it was 0.90. The values of the marginal reliability of the parameters ranged between 0.63 and 0.82 and the instrument as a whole was 0.91. The results also showed that the tool had multiple indications of validity in which the results showed that the tool provides the maximum value of information to individuals with average ability. The maximum information value of the tool was 8.67 at the ability level (θ=-0.6), and the average thresholds for items were also reached (0.64, -0.71, -2.01) Logit, respectively, in addition, the average discrimination was 0.84.

(Keywords: Assessment, Teaching Practices, Distance Learning, Graded Response Model)

The Effect of Using Two Models of the Five-Year Learning Cycle (5E's) and Soap Bubbles (5S's) in Developing Technological Concepts and Reducing the Cognitive Load of Sixth-Grade Students in Palestine

Mohamed Salah Sharaf — 2025-01-07

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using the 5E's and 5S's models on improving technological concepts and reducing cognitive load among basic sixth-grade students in Palestine. To achieve the study's objective, the researchers used a three-group experimental design with a pre-post test. A purposive sample of 114 sixth-grader students from Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz Elementary School in the East Gaza Governorate participated in the study. The study used two tools: a multiple-choice test on technological concepts and Phil's (2015) cognitive load scale, which has 16 items divided into three dimensions: intrinsic cognitive load, extraneous cognitive load, and germane cognitive load. The study found statistically significant differences between the average scores of sixth-grade students in the three groups on the cognitive load scale and the post-application of technological concepts. The study linked these differences to the (5E's, 5S's) learning model, with the 5S's model demonstrating the greatest improvement.

The study recommends using the soap bubble model to teach technological subjects because of its effectiveness.
(Keywords: Five-Year Learning Cycle Model, Soap Bubble Model, Technological Concepts, Cognitive Load, Sixth Grade,
Palestine)

Organizational Commitment of Academic Leaders at Jordanian Universities in Irbid Governorate

Tahani Ibraheem Al-Ali — 2025-01-07

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the degree of
organizational commitment of academic leaders at Jordanian
universities in Irbid governorate as perceived by faculty
members. The researcher used the descriptive survey method
and developed a tool to assess organizational commitment.
organizational. The study sample consisted of 316 randomly
selected faculty members، The study found that the overall
level of organizational commitment was high. There were no
statistically significant differences in the degree of
commitment based on variables such as type of college or
university ownership. However, there were statistically
significant differences based on gender, favoring males.
(Keywords: Organizational Commitment، Academic Leaders،
Jordanian Universities، Irbid Governorate)

Self-Efficacy in Engineering Design among Female Secondary School Students in the Subject of Physics

Mashaeil Abdallah Al-Dosari — 2025-01-07

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the sources
of self-efficacy in engineering design among female secondary
school students studying physics using an argument-driven
engineering design model.To achieve research goals, the
qualitative method “Case Study” approach was followed, and
data were collected through semi-structured individual
interviews with 17 experts in the field of STEM education and
14 twelfth grade female students in the city of Riyadh. The
results showed that the teaching model enhanced self-efficacy
in the engineering design of the students through four sources:
1) Mastery Experiences: by providing students with
experience in engineering design, specifically the way
engineers think in solving problems. 2) Vicarious
Experiences: by adopting the principle of design as an
engineering practice, and getting acquainted with the
engineering professions. 3) Verbal Persuasion: which students
obtained during their work in collaborative groups to find
solutions, and the scientific argument sessions. 4) Emotional
Arousal: in which the model adopts the principle of designbased learning that supports the gradual construction of
concepts related to design and guarantees the existence of
engineering challenges that are neither complex to the point of
frustration nor easy to the point of neglect. The research
concluded with a number of recommendations, the most
prominent of which are: engaging students to engineering
expertise by developing engineering activities that support
scientific concepts in physics books; and clarifying how
scientists and engineers think when solving problems.
(Keywords: Engineering Design, Sources of Self-efficacy,
Mastery Experiences, Vicarious Experiences, Verbal
Persuasion, Emotional Arousal)

The Degree of Implementing EFQM Institutional Excellence Criteria and its Role in Achieving Performance Efficiency as Perceived by Faculty Staff Members

Najwa Mefwez Alfawaz — 2025-01-07

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the degree of
implementing EFQM institutional excellence criteria and its
role in achieving performance efficiency as perceived by
faculty staff members. It sought to determine if there were
statistically significant differences among the means of
responses regarding the application of EFQM institutional
excellence criteria at Tabuk University and their relationship
with the level of performance efficiency as perceived by
faculty members, attributed to demographic variables such as
gender, academic rank, and years of experience. The study
employed a descriptive-correlational approach, gathering data
through a questionnaire consisting of nine excellence criteria:
leadership, strategy, people, processes, partnerships and
resources, performance results, and performance efficiency.
The study sample comprised 30 faculty members at the
university, accounting for 42.8% of the total population. The
results indicated a high level of application of EFQM
institutional excellence criteria at the university and their role
in achieving performance efficiency, as perceived by faculty
members. Furthermore, the findings revealed no statistically
significant differences attributed to gender, academic rank, or
years of experience. The study recommended the adoption of
modern and flexible leadership styles in administration, along
with the use of internal measures to monitor performance
levels.
(Keywords: Institutional Excellence, Performance Efficiency)

The Effectiveness of an Educational Program Based on Green School Principles (Istedamah) on Improving the Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior of Basic Education Students in the Sultanate of Oman towards Specific Sustainable Development Issues

Abdullah Kames Ambusaidi — 2025-01-07

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of an
educational program based on green school principles
(Istedamah) on improving the knowledge, attitudes and
behavior of basic education students in the Sultanate of Oman
towards specific sustainable development issues. The study
adopted the semi-experimental approach. Data were collected
using the awareness scale, which consists of a sub-scale,
namely, the knowledge test. The attitude scale, and the
behavior scale. The sample of the study consisted of 315 male
and female students. The results indicated that there was a
statistically significant difference between students’ responses
in the three sub-scales (knowledge, attitudes, and behavior)
between students. The pre and post application were in favor
of the post application, and the study also showed that there is
a statistically significant difference in the awareness of basic
education students about some issues of sustainable
development according to the gender variable (male / female)
in favor of females in the knowledge test, and in the
governorate variable in favor of Dakhiliyah in the attitudes.
The study recommended the need to include sustainability in
its three dimensions in the school's plans and programs on a
permanent basis.
(Keywords: Sustainable Development, Environmental
Awareness, Green School)

The Challenges Faced by Novice School Principals and their Assistants and Suggestion to Solve them in the Sultanate of Oman

Abdulaziz Hamad Al-Omairi — 2025-01-07

Abstract: The study aimed to recognize the challenges facing
novice school principals and their assistants to provide
suggestion to solve such challenges in the Sultanate of Oman.
The study used the mixed method approach based on a
sequential design, with quantitative tools used first followed
by qualitative tools. A questionnaire was applied to a sample
of 248 novice school principals and their assistants, followed
by the application of a semi-structured interview with a
sample of 12 new school principals. The results showed that
the novice school principals and their assistants in the
Sultanate of Oman faced administrative challenges,
particularly the delay in filling job vacancies needed by the
school and the large amount of paperwork. The second set of
challenges included financial challenges such as the lack of
financial support for the purchase of school supplies, and the
lack of maintenance for schools tools and equipment. The
third challenges were related to teachers, specifically the large
number of substitution classes and teachers’ reluctance to
attend or provide professional development programs within
the school. The fourth set of challenges was related to students
and their parents, with the most major challenge being the
difficulty in organizing parents' councils and parents’ poor
communication with the school. In addition, the results
revealed that there were no statistically significant differences
in the challenges facing new school principals in general,
according to the variables of gender and the number of
students in the school. School principals presented suggestions
to solve the challenges they faced. The most crucial challenges
were providing school principals the authority to invest in
school facilities to generate sustainable financial income and
to enrol new principals in training programs to learn the
fundamentals of their responsibilities before starting.
(Keywords: Challenges, Novice School Principals, Novice
Aassistant Principals, Sultanate of Oman)

Developing Community Partnership in Higher Education Institutions in the Sultanate of Oman in Light of the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Mashael Awad Al-Soeeryah — 2025-01-07

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with developing community partnerships in the light of the age of artificial intelligence (AI). The study also aimed to generate a range of recommendations to tackle these challenges. The study used the qualitative approach by conducting interviews with a sample consisting of 23 lecturers from higher education institutions in the Sultanate of Oman. The results showed there are a number of opportunities, such as involvement of the private sector in developing academic programs and developing students’ skills. The results also showed a number of challenges, such as a lack of policies supporting community partnerships, the limited participation of the private sector in providing technologies and the high financial cost of emerging technologies. The study ended up with some suggestions, such as developing aspects of cooperation with the private sector, especially with international companies, inviting the private sector for more partnerships to support scientific research in the areas of AI, and exposing the international experts.

(Keywords: Community Partnership, Higher Education Institutions, Artificial Intelligence)

Examining Elementary Teachers’ Attitudes towards Metaverse Use in Teaching English

Fatima Mahdi Abu-Hayyani — 2025-01-07

Abstract: This study aims to examine elementary teachers’
attitudes toward Metaverse use in teaching English. This study
was conducted in the city of Ma'an in Jordan. The sample of
this study consists of 50 elementary school English teachers
working in public schools who were randomly selected. To
achieve the purpose of this study a descriptive approach was
used. The researcher conducted the research during the
academic year 2022-2023. There was one tool used to collect
the data. An online questionnaire was distributed to the
participants. The finding revealed that teachers held neutral
attitudes towards Metaverse use in teaching English. It was
found that Metaverse keeps the lessons fresh and fascinating,
encourages student engagement, attracts their attention, and
makes learning enjoyable and engaging. It can be used to
improve the student’s knowledge of the English language.
However, the results also showed that there are certain
drawbacks to Metaverse such as privacy problems, distraction
and addiction.

(Keywords: Attitudes, Elementary Teachers, Metaverse,
Teaching English)

The Role of Faculty Deans in Enhancing Creativity among Staff Members and its Relevance to their Performance at Jordanian Universities inIrbid Governorate

Mohammad Nayef Abu-Al-Kishik — 2025-01-07

Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the role of
Jordanian universities (Yarmouk, Science & Technology, and
Jadara) deans in enhancing the creativity of faculty staff
members. A descriptive study design was used following a
quantitative approach. To achieve the aim of the study, the
study tool (a survey questionnaire) was developed as entailing
50 statements. Upon following reliability and validity
measures, the survey was applied to a sample of 327 (deans,
heads of departments and faculty members) in the universities
of Irbid Governorate. The of the study shows the role of the
college deans was moderate and faculty members' creative
development has a statistically significant positive relationship
with their performance. The role of faculty deans in the
creative development of faculty staff members at the faculty
level differs statistically significantly from that of academic
department heads, with no statistically significant differences
due to gender.
(Keywords: Creativity, Faculty Staff, Heads of Departments,
Jordanian Universities, University Deans)